保險(xiǎn)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)概要（不保證一定考， 也不保證不考）
保險(xiǎn)利益原則 ----- principle of insurable interest
損失補(bǔ)償原則 ----- principle of indemnity
代位求償原則 ----- principle of subrogation
最大誠(chéng)信原則 ----- principle of utmost good faith
近因原則 ----- principle of proximity
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān) ----- risk-sharing/risk-pooling
分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ----- spreading risk
保險(xiǎn)人 ----- insurer/ underwriter
投保人 ----- insurance applicant
被保險(xiǎn)人 ----- Insured
受益人 ----- beneficiary
保險(xiǎn)代理人 ----- insurance agent
保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 -----insurance broker
保險(xiǎn)公估人 ----- insurance surveyor/ adjuster/appraiser
保險(xiǎn)條款 ----- insurance clause/ treatment
不可抗辯條款----- incontestable clause
保費(fèi) ----- premium
保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的 ----- subject –matter of insurance
保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值 ----- insured value// （1）
保險(xiǎn)索賠 ----- claim
告知 ----- representation
聲明 ----- declaration
誤告 ----- misrepresentation
死亡表 ----- life table/ mortality table
Rate-making ----- 費(fèi)力厘定
Occupancy ----- 用途
Construction ----- 構(gòu)造
Protection ----- 防護(hù)
Location ----- 位置
大數(shù)法則 ----- law of large numbers
效應(yīng)理論 ----- utility theory
毛保費(fèi) ----- gross premium
純保費(fèi) ----- net premium
附加保費(fèi) ----- loading premium
均衡保費(fèi) ----- level premium
躉繳保費(fèi) ----- lump sum premium/single premium
準(zhǔn)備金 ----- reserve
現(xiàn)金價(jià)值 ----- cash value
附加條款 ----- rider
保險(xiǎn)期間 ----- insurance period
保額 ----- amount of insurance
保險(xiǎn)索賠 ----- claim
保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任（受保范圍） ------ coverage
除外責(zé)任 ------ exclusion
保證 ----- warranty
隱瞞 ----- concealment
要約 ----- offer
反要約 ----- counteroffer
保單不喪失權(quán)益-----nonforfeiture benefits
延期定期壽險(xiǎn) ----- deferred term life insurance
兩全保險(xiǎn) ----- endowment life insurance
萬(wàn)能壽險(xiǎn) ----- universal life insurance
分紅壽險(xiǎn) -----participating life insurance
紅利 ---- dividend
養(yǎng)老金 ----- pension
聯(lián)合人壽-----joint life
投連險(xiǎn) ----- unit-linked life insurance
定期壽險(xiǎn) ----- term life insurance
終身壽險(xiǎn) ----- whole life insurance
變額萬(wàn)能壽險(xiǎn) ----- variable universal life insurance
年金壽險(xiǎn) ----- annuity life insurance
財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn) ----- Property & casualty insurance
巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn) ----- catastrophe insurance /Act of God insurance
重大疾病保險(xiǎn) -----critical illness/dreadful illness insurance
意外保險(xiǎn) ----- accidental insurance
重復(fù)保險(xiǎn) ------double insurance
投保單 ----- application form/proposal form
保單 ----- insurance policy
暫保單 ----- binding slip/cover note
批單 ------ endorsement
保險(xiǎn)憑證（小保單） -----certificate of insurance
保單持有人 ----- policyholder/policyowner
再保險(xiǎn) -----Reinsurance
分出公司 ----- ceding company
分入公司 ------ceded company
國(guó)有保險(xiǎn)公司 -----state-owned insurance company
股份制保險(xiǎn)公司 ---- stock-based insurance company
自保公司 ----- captive company
相互保險(xiǎn)公司 ----- mutual company
合作保險(xiǎn)公司 ------ cooperative company
互助保險(xiǎn)公司 ------ fraternal company
Risk ----- a measure of possible variation of economic outcomes.
Hazard ----- a condition that increases the chance of loss due to a
peril
Peril ----- risk event or risk incident which refers to a possible cause
of loss.
Exposure to risk ----- a situation created whenever an act gives rise
to possible gain or loss that cannot be predicted
Cost of risk ----- the cost imposed upon organizations because of the presenceof risk.
Asymmetric information----- one party of insurance contract possesses
more knowledge than the other.
Moral Hazard----- a potential cost of insurance in which the presence
of insurance increases the tendency for losses to occur through careless,
irresponsible, or perhaps illegal behavior.
Adverse selection----- a potential effect of insurance whereby
worse-than-average risks are likely to buy insurance
1. 財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)的定義有狹義和廣義之分。
Property insurance can refer to two kinds of definition, viz.
property & casualty insurance in a narrow sense and broad sense.
2.按保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值分類，財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)可分為定值保險(xiǎn)和不定值保險(xiǎn)。
In conformity to the insurance value, property insurance can be
classified into fixed value and unfixed value insurance.
3.自然災(zāi)害包括雷、電、暴風(fēng)雨、冰雹、洪水、潮浪、海嘯、大風(fēng)暴、臺(tái)風(fēng)、旋風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、颶風(fēng)、山崩、雪崩、地陷、地震、地下火，以及火山噴發(fā)等等。這些都可能對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大損毀或人身傷亡。
Natural disasters comprise thundering, lightning, rainstorm, hail, floods, tidal wave
Tsunami, Tempest, typhoon, cyclone, tornado, hurricane ，rockslide, avalanche, subsidence of ground, earthquake , subterranean fire,
volcanic eruption and so forth,
all of which may give rise to innumerable cases of loss to properties
or death or personal injury.
4.保險(xiǎn)的基本原理是分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
The basic tenet of insurance is spreading of risk.
5.同一利益投保了兩張或多張保單稱為重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)。
Double insurance means that teo or more policies are effected on the same interest.
6.保險(xiǎn)的重要作用對(duì)社會(huì)大眾來說是顯而易見的。
The important role of insurance is apparent to the social public.
7.俗話說， 天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云， 人有旦夕禍福。
As the saying goes, in nature there are unexpected storms and in life there are unpredictable
vicissitudes.
8. 免賠額是指保單中規(guī)定的某一金額或百分比，賠額必須超過該金額或百分比時(shí)方予賠償。
Deduction denotes an amount or percentage specified in the policy which must be exceeded
before a claim is payable.
9. 機(jī)動(dòng)車輛保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的主要是車身和第三者責(zé)任。
The subject-matter of motor vehicle insurance is motor vehicle and third party liability in the main.
10. 任何保險(xiǎn)文件， 如保險(xiǎn)契約、保單、保險(xiǎn)憑證、暫保單的變動(dòng)或補(bǔ)充都可以通過背書辦理。
Any amendment or addition to a existing insurance document such as an insurance
contract, policy, insurance certificate or cover note can be made by endorsement.
11. 損失的可能性越大，繳納的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)就越多。
The more probable the loss, the greater the premium will be.
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成為可保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的條件（what makes a risk insurable？）
1. It should be economically feasible.
2. The economic value of the insurance should be calculable.
3. The loss must be definite.
4. The loss must be random in nature.
5. The exposure in any rate class must be homogenous.
6. Exposure units should be spatially and temporally independent.
1. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)該經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行
2. 經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值可以計(jì)算的
3. 損失是有限的
4. 損失是隨機(jī)的
5. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在任何一類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中是同質(zhì)的
6. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)單位是暫時(shí)的在空間上獨(dú)立。
財(cái)產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(property risk)
All business and individuals that own, rent,
or use property are exposed to the risk that property may be damaged,
destroyed. or stolen. Property owned or used outside of the building may
also be susceptible to loss. Typical examples include trucks, automobiles,
and mobile equipment. To fully analyze property risk exposures, businesses
must consider both the types of property susceptible to loss and the potential
sources of such risk. Sources of risk include not only fire and lightning
but also theft, tornadoes, hurricanes,
explosions, riots, collisions, falling objects, floods, earthquakes, and freezing,
to name only a few.
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理過程（Risk management process）
1. identify risks
2. evaluate risks
3. select risk management techniques
4. implement and review decisions
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