1906海上保險法
海上保險（Marine Insurance）
第1條：海上保險的定義（Marine insurance defined）
A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured, in manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses, that is to say, the losses incident to marine adventure.
海上保險合同，是一種保險人按照約定的方式和范圍，對與海上冒險有關的海上滅失，向被保險人承擔賠償責任的合同。
第2條 海陸混合風險 （Mixed sea and land risks）
2.(1) A contract of marine insurance may, by its express terms, or by a usage of trade, be extended so as to protect the assured against losses on inland water or on any land risk which may be incidental to any sea voyage.
(2) Where a ship in course of building, or the launch of a ship, or any adventure analogous to a marine adventure, is covered by a policy in the form of a marine policy, the provisions of this Act, in so far as applicable, shall apply thereto；but, except by this section provided, nothing in this Act shall alter or affect any rule of law applicable to any contract of insurance other than a contract of marine insurance as by this Act defined.
(1)海上保險合同，得用明示條款或經由某種貿易習慣，擴展保障被保險人在與海上航程有關的內河或任何陸地風險中的損失。
(2)如果用海上保險單格式的保險單，承保建造中的船舶，或者船舶下水，或類似海上冒險的任何冒險，本法中的各項規定，只要是可適用者，均得適用之；但除本條規定者外，本法的任何規定，都不能改變或影響任何適用于本法規定的海上保險合同以外的保險合同的法律規定。
第3條 海上冒險與海上危險的定義（Marine adventure and maritime perils defined ）
3.(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every lawful marine adventure may be the subject of a contract of marine insurance.
(2) In particular there is a marine adventure where-
(a) Any ship, goods or other movables are exposed to maritime perils. Such property is in the Act referred to as “insurable property.”
(b) The earning or acquisition of any freight, passage money, commission, profit or other pecuniary benefit, or the security for any advances, loans or disbursements, is endangered by the exposure of insurance property to maritime perils.
(c) Any liability to a third party may be incurred by the owner of, or other person interested in or responsible for, insurable property, by reason of maritime perils.
3(1) 受本法規定的制約，每一合法的海上冒險得為海上保險合同的標的。
(2) 特別是以下各項屬于海上冒險：
（a）受海上危險影響的任何船舶，貨物或其他動產。此種財產在本法中被稱為“可保財產”。
（b）由于保險財產暴露于海上危險之中而危及的任何運費，客票款，傭金，利潤或其他錢財上的利益，或任何預付款，貸款，或墊付費用的擔保。
（c）保險財產的所有人或其他對其有利益或有責任的當事人由于海上風險的原因對第三方產生的任何責任。”
保險利益（Insurable Interest）
第4條 賭博合同無效（Avoidance of wagering or gaming contracts）
4.(1) Every contract of marine insurance by way of gaming or wagering is void.
(2) A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be a gaming or wagering contract-
(a) Where the assured has not an insurable interest as defined by this Act and the contract is entered into with no expectation of acquiring such an interest; or
(b) Where the policy is made “interest or no interest” or “without further proof of interest than the policy itself”, or “without benefit of salvage to the insurer”, or subject to any other like term.
Provided that, where there is no possibility of salvage, a policy may be effected without benefit of salvage to the insurer.
4．（1）用作賭博的海上保險合同無效。
（2）海上保險合同在下列情況下，被認為是賭博合同：
(a) 被保險人對保險標的無本法規定的保險利益，而且在締約后仍無獲得此種保險利益的可能；
(b) 保險單是按“無論有無保險利益”， 或“除保險單本身外，再無具有保險利益的證明”，或“保險人無救助利益”等條件，或按其他類似條件訂定的。
但是，如無救助的可能，保險單可以按保險人無救助利益的條件簽訂。
第5條 保險利益的定義（Insurable interest defined）
5.（1）Subject to the provisions of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure.
（2） In particular, a person is interested in a marine adventure where he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or may incur liability in respect thereof.
（1）根據本法各條規定，與海上冒險有利益關系的每一個人具有保險利益。
（2）一個人與海上冒險有利益關系，尤其是在他與該冒險或處在危險中的任何保險財產，具有任何法律上或衡平的關系，因而若保險財產安全或及時抵達他便能從中獲取利益；反之，如果保險財產滅失，損壞，或被滯留或招致有關責任，他的利益將受到損害。
第6條 何時應具有利益（When interest must attach）
6.（1）The assured must be interested in the subject-matter insured at the time of loss though he need not be interested when the insurance is effected.
（2）Where the assured has no interest at the time of the loss, he cannot acquire interest by any act or election after he is aware of the loss.
（1）雖然投保時被保險人無需對保險標的具有利益，但在保險標的滅損時，他必須對其具有利益。
（2）如果被保險人在滅損當時不具有利益，他不能在他知曉該滅損后，通過任何行為或選擇而獲取利益。
第7條 可撤銷的利益或偶然的利益（Defeasible or contingent interest）
7.(1) A defeasible interest is insurable, as also is a contingent interest.
(2) In particular, where the buyer of goods has insured them, he has an insurable interest, notwithstanding that he might, at his election,
（1）可撤銷的利益是保險利益，偶然的利益亦然。
（2）特別是，如貨物買方已將該批貨物保險，他就對該批貨物具有保險利益，盡管由于賣方交貨延誤或其他原因，致使被保險人可能選擇拒收貨物，或將貨物視作賣方風險。
第8條 部分利益（Partial interest）
8. A partial interest of any nature is insurable.
8．任何性質的部分利益均可承保。
第9條 再保險（Re-insurance）
9(1) The insurer under a contract of marine insurance has an insurable interest in his risk, and may re-insure in respect of it.
(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the original assured has no right or interest in respect of such re-insurance.
9．（1）海上保險合同中的保險人對其承保的風險有保險利益，并可將有關風險再保險。
（2）除非保險單另有規定，原被保險人對此種再保險沒有權利或利益。
第10條 （以船、貨為抵押物的）抵押貸款（Bottomry）
10. The lender of money on bottomry or respeondentia has an insurable interest in respect of the loan.
10．以船、貨為抵押物的貸款方對其貸款有保險利益。
第11條 船長和船員的工資（Master’s and seamen’s wages）
11. The master or any member of the crew of a ship has an insurable interest in respect of his wages.
11．船長或船員對其工資有保險利益。
第12條 預付運費（Advance freight）
12. In the case of advance freight, the person advancing the freight has an insurable interest, in so for as much freight is not repayable in case of loss.
12．預付運費的人對在損失后不能收回的預付運費有保險利益。
第13條 保險費（Charges of insurance）
13. The assured has an insurable interest in the charges of any insurance which be may effect.
13．被保險人對其應支付的保險費具有保險利益。
第14條 利益數額（Quantum of interest）
14.(1) Where the subject-matter insured is mortgaged, the mortgagor has an insurable interest in the full value thereof, and the mortgagee has an insurable interest in respect of any sum due or to become due under the
mortgage.
(2) A mortgagee, consignee, or other person having an interest in the subject-matter insured may insure on behalf and for the benefit of other persons interested as well as for his own benefit.
(3) The owner of insurable property has an insurable interest in respect of the full value thereof, notwithstanding that some third person may have agreed, or be liable, to indemnify him in case of loss.
14．（1）在保險標的被抵押之場合，抵押人對抵押物的全部價值有保險利益，而抵押權人對抵押貸款合同下其所付的或應付的有關金額有保險利益。
（2）抵押權人、收貨人或對保險標的有利益的其他人，除為了自已的利益外，得代表和為其他有利害關系的人的利益進行保險。
（3）盡管在發生損失的情況下，某些第三者可能已同意或有義務賠償其損失，保險財產的所有人對其財產的全部價值有保險利益。
第15條 利益轉讓（Assignment of interest）
15．Where the assured assigns or otherwise parts with his interest in the subject-matter insured, he does not thereby transfer to the assignee his rights under the contract of insurance, unless there be an express or implied agreement with the assignee to that effect.
But the provisions of this section do not affect a transmission of interest by operation of law.
15．被保險人若轉讓或以其他方式放棄其保險標的利益，他并不因此將其保險合同下的權利轉讓給受讓人，除非與受讓人訂有轉讓保險權益的明示或默示協議。
但本條規定不影響因實施法律而發生的利益轉讓。
保險價值（Insurable Value）
第16條 保險價值的確定（Measure of insurable value）
16. Subject to any express provision or valuation in the policy, the insurable value of the subject-matter insured must be ascertained as follows:-
(1) In insurance on ship, the insurable value is the value at the commencement of the risk, of the ship, including her outfit, provisions and stores for the officers and crew, money advanced for seamen’s wages, and other disbursements (if any) incurred to make the ship fit for the voyage or adventure contemplated by the policy, plus the charges of insurance upon the
whole:
The insurable value, in the case of a steamship, includes also the machinery, boilers, and coals and engine stores if owned by the assured, and, in the case of a ship engaged in a special trade, the ordinary fittings requisite for that trade:
(2) In insurance on freight, whether paid in advance or otherwise, the insurable value is the gross amount of the freight at the risk of the assured, plus the charges of insurance:
(3) In insurance on goods or merchandise, the insurable value is the prime cost of the property insured, plus the expenses of and incidental to shipping and the charges of insurance upon the whole:
(4) In insurance on any other subject-matter, the insurable value is the amount at the risk of the assured when the policy attaches, plus the charges of insurance.
16．除保險單的明文規定或定值外，保險標的的保險價值，必須按下列規定確定：
（1）在船舶保險中，保險價值是風險開始時的船舶價值，包括船舶的裝備、全體船員的食物與其他物料、預付給船員的工資以及為使船舶適合航行于保險單載明的航程或海上冒險所可能產生的其他墊付費用加上全部保險費用。
對蒸汽機船舶，船舶的保險價值還應包括機器、鍋爐、被保險人擁有的燃料煤和機艙物料，而如果船舶用于特殊貿易，則還需包括適合該貿易的通常裝備。
（2）在運費保險中，無論運費是否預付，保險價值是指被保險人處于風險中的總運費加上保險費。
（3）在貨物或商品保險中，保險價值是該保險財產的成本價格，加上海運費和與海運有關的費用，及全部海運過程中的保險費用。
（4）在其他保險中，保險價值是保險單生效時被保險人處于風險中的金額加上保險費用。
告知和陳述（Disclosure and Representation）
第17條 保險是最大誠信（Insurance is uberrimae fidei）
17．A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith and, if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party.
17．海上保險合同是建立在最大誠信基礎上的合同，如果任何一方不遵守最大誠信，他方可以撤消該合同。
第18條 被保險人的告知（Disclosure by assured）
18.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the assured must disclose to the insurer, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured, and the assured is deemed to know every circumstance which, in the ordinary course of business, ought to be known by him. If the assured fails to make such disclosure, the insurer may avoid the contract.
(2) Every circumstance is material, which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or determining whether he will take the risk.
(3) In the absence of inquiry the following circumstances need not be disclosed, namely:-
(a) Any circumstance which diminishes the risks;
(b) Any circumstance which is known or presumed to be known to the insurer. The insurer is presumed to know matters of common notoriety or knowledge, and matters which an insurer in the ordinary course of his business, as such, ought to know;
(c) Any circumstance as to which information is waived by the insurer;
(d) Any circumstance which it is superfluous to disclose by reason of any express or implied warranty.
(4) Whether any particular circumstance, which is not disclosed, be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.
(5) The term “circumstance” includes any communication made to, or information received by, the assured.
18.(1) 根據本條的規定，在訂立合同前，被保險人必須向保險人告知其所知的一切重要情況。被保險人應視為知道在通常業務過程中他應當知曉的每一情況。若被保險人未作此種告知，保險人可以撤消合同。
(2) 影響謹慎的保險人確定保險費的決定或決定是否承保該項風險的每一情況，即屬重要情況。
(3) 對下列情況如果保險人未問及，被保險人無需告知：
(a) 減少風險的任何情況；
(b) 保險人知道或被認為應該知道的情況；保險人應該知曉眾所周知的事情，以及他在通常業務中應該知曉的一般情況；
(c) 保險人不要求被保險人告知的情況；
(d) 由于明文或默示的保證條款，被保險人無需告知的事項。
(4) 在每一案件中，未告知的任何特別情況是否重要，屬事實問題。
(5) “情況”一詞包括送給被保險人的通知和其收到的消息。
第19條 投保代理人的告知（Disclosure by agent effecting insurance）
19．Subject to the provisions of the preceding section as to circumstances which need not be disclosed where an insurance is effected for the assured by an agent, the agent must disclose to the insurer-
(a) Every material circumstance which is known to himself, and an agent to insure is deemed to know every circumstance which in the ordinary course of business ought to be known by, or to have been communicated to, him; and
(b) Every material circumstance which the assured is bound to disclose, unless it came to his knowledge too late to communicate it to the agent.
19.若由代理人為被保險人投保,除按前條各款規定無需告知的各有關事項外,該代理人必須向保險人告知:
(a) 他所知道的每一重要情況,保險代理人視為知曉其在通常業務中應當知曉或被保險人已通知他的每一情況;
(b) 及被保險人有義務告知的每一重要情況,除非他得知該情況過遲,無法及時通知該代理人.
第20條 協商合同時的陳述（Representations pending negotiation of contract）
20.①Every material representation made by the assured or his agent to the insurer during the negotiations for the contract and before the contract is concluded, must be true. If it be untrue the insurer may avoid the contract.
②A representation is material which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or determining whether he will take the risk.
③A representation may be either a representation as to a matter of fact, or as to a matter of expectation or belief.
④A representation as to a matter of fact is true, if it be substantially correct, that is to say, if the difference between what is represented and what is actually correct would not be considered material by a prudent insurer.
⑤A representation as to a matter of expectation or belief is true if it be made in good faith.
⑥A representation may be withdrawn or corrected before the contract is concluded.
⑦Whether a particular representation be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.
20
①在協商合同期間及訂立合同前,被保險人或其代理人向保險人作出的每一重要陳述必須真實,若其不真實,保險人可以撤消合同.
②影響謹慎的保險人確定保險費的評價或決定是否承保該項風險的陳述,即為重要陳述.
③一項陳述既可以是有關事實,也可以是關于期望或是關于信念的陳述.
④若一項關于事實的陳述實質上是準確的,它便是真實的,亦即,如果陳述內容與實際情況有差異,謹慎的保險人并不認為是重要的.
⑤若被保險人依誠信作出期望或信念的陳述,該陳述即是真實的.
⑥陳述在訂立合同前可以撤回或更正.
⑦在每一案件中,某一特定的陳述是否重要,屬事實問題.
第21條 何時合同視為成立（When contract is deemed to be concluded）
21．A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be concluded when the proposal of the assured is accepted by the insurer, whether the policy be then issued or not and, for the purpose of showing when the proposal was accepted, reference may be made to the slip or covering note or other customary memorandum of the contract.
21．保險人接受被保險人的投保單后，無論當時是否已簽發保險單，海上保險合同應視為已經成立；為表明該投保單何時被接受，可以參考承保條或暫保單或其他合同習慣的備忘錄。
保險單（The Policy）
第22條 合同必須包含在保險單內（Contract must be embodied in policy）
22. Subject to the provisions of any statute, a contract of marine insurance is inadmissible in evidence unless it is embodied in a marine policy in accordance with this Act. The policy may be executed and issued either at the time when the contract is concluded, or afterwards.
22．受任何法律規定的制約，海上保險合同不能作為訴訟的證據，除非包含在符合本法的海上保險單內。保險單可在海上保險合同成立時或以后簽發。
第23條 保險單必須載明的事項（What policy must specify）
23. A marine policy must specify-
(1) The name of the assured, or of some person who effects the insurance on his behalf;
(2) The subject-matter insured and the risk insured against;
(3) The voyage, or period of time, or both, as the case may be, covered by the insurance;
(4) The sum or sums insured;
(5) The name or names of the insurance.
23．海上保險單必須載明下列事項：
（1）被保險人或代被保險人投保的人的名稱；
（2）保險標的和承保險別
（3）保險承保的航程或期間，或同時承保航程和期間兩者，視情況而定
（4）保險金額
（5）保險人的名稱。
（本條第2，3，4，5款已被英國1959年《財政法》廢除。譯者注）
第24條 保險人簽署（Signature of insurer）
24.(1) A marine policy must be signed by or on behalf of the insurer, provided that in the case of a corporation the corporate seal may be sufficient, but nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the subscription of a corporation to be under seal.
(2) Where a policy is subscribed by or on behalf of two or more insurers, each subscription, unless the contrary by expressed, constitutes a distinct contract with the assured.
24．（1）海上保險單必須由保險人或其代表簽署，假如是（保險）公司出具保險單，則加蓋公司印章即可；但不能把本條規定解釋為要求公司簽署加蓋印章。
（2）在保險單是由兩個或兩個以上認可保險份額的保險人或其代表出具之情況下，除非另有明示相反約定，每一簽署構成與被保險人的獨立合同。
第25條 航次保險單和定期保險單（Voyage and time policies）
25.(1) Where the contract is to insure the subject-matter at and from, or from one place to another or others, the policy is called a “voyage policy” and where the contract is to insure the subject-matter for a definite period of time the policy is called a “time policy”. A contract for both voyage and time may be included in the same policy.
((2) Subject to the provisions of section eleven of the Finance Act, 1901, a time policy which is made for any time exceeding twelve months is invalid.)
25．（1）在保險合同承保保險標的“在和從”或“從”某一地點運送至另一地點或其他地點之場合，該保險單稱作“航次保險單”；在保險合同承保保險標的某一段固定期間之情況下，該保險單叫做“定期保險單”。同一保險單可以同時承保航次和定期保險的合同。
（2）（該款已廢除。譯者注）
第26條 指定標的（Designation of subject-matter）
26(1).The subject-matter insured must be designated in a marine policy with reasonable certainty.
(2) The nature and extent of the interest of the assured in the subject-matter insured need not be specified in the policy.
(3) Where the policy designates the subject-matter insured in general terms ,it shall be construed to apply to the interest intended by the assured to be covered.
(4) In the application of this section regard shall be had to any usage regulating the designation of the subject-matter insured.
26（1）保險標的必須在海上保險單中合理確定地標明。
（2）被保險人對于保險標的利益的性質和范圍無需在保險單中明確規定。
（3）在保險單用一般術語標明保險標的之場合，應解釋為適用于被保險人意圖投保的利益。
（4）在適用本條規定時，還應考慮制約保險標的指定的任何習慣。
第27條 定值保險單（Valued policy）
27.(1) A policy may be either valued or unvalued
(2) A valued policy is a policy, which specifies the agreed value of the subject-matter insured.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and the absence of fraud, the value fixed by the policy is, as between the insurer and assured, conclusive of the insurable value of the subject intended to be insured, whether the loss be total or partial.
(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the value fixed by the policy is not conclusive for the purpose of determining whether there has been a constructive total loss.
27.(1) 保險單可以是定值保險單，也可以是不定值保險單。
（2）定值保險單指載明保險標的的約定價值的保險單。
（3）除本法條款另有規定外，若不存在欺騙，不論損失是全損或部分損失，保險單確定的價值即為保險人與被保險人之間意圖對標的物投保的確定保險價值。
(4) 除保險單另有規定外，就確定是否構成推定全損而言，保險單約定的價值并非終結性的。
第28條 不定值保險單（Unvalued policy）
28. An unvalued policy is a policy which does not specify the value of the subject-matter insured, but, subject to the limit of the sum insured, leaves the insurable value to be subsequently ascertained, in the manner herein before specified.
28．不定值保險單指未載明保險標的的價值的保險單，但受保險金額制約，按前述規定將保險價值留待以后確定。
第29條 船舶預約保險單（Floating policy by ship or ships）
29.(1) A floating policy is a policy which describes the insurance in general terms, and leaves the name of the ship or ships and other particulars to be defined by subsequent declaration.
(2) The subsequent declaration or declarations may be made by endorsement on the policy, or in other customary manner.
(3) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the declarations must be made in the order of dispatch or shipment. They must, in the case of goods, comprise all consignments within the terms of the policy, and the value of the goods or other property must be honestly stated, but an omission or erroneous declaration may be rectified even after loss or arrival, provided the omission or declaration was made in good faith.
(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where a declaration of value is not made until after notice of loss or arrival, the policy must be treated as an unvalued policy as regards the subject to matter of that declaration.
29.(1) 預約保險單是指保險單僅作籠統的規定，將船舶的名稱和其他事項在以后申報中確定。
（2）這種后來進行的申報， 可用批單形式在保險單上批注，也可按其他習慣方式進行。
（3）除非保險單另有規定，申報應按裝運的前后依次進行。如果是貨物，申報必須包括保險單規定條件之內的全部貨物運輸。貨物或其他財產的價值，必須誠實說明，但善意的漏報或誤報，即便在發生損失或貨物抵達之后，也可以進行更正。
（4）除非保險單另有規定，在收到損失通知或抵達之前未申報價值的情況下，對該申報的標的物，保險單應視為不定值保險單。
第30條 保險單術語的解釋（Construction of terms in policy）
30.(1) A policy may be in the form in the First Schedule to this Act.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless the context of the policy otherwise requites, the terms and expressions mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act shall be construed as having the scope and meaning in that Schedule assigned to them.
30,(1) 保險單可按本法所附第一附件的式樣簽訂。
（2）根據本法規定，除非保險單內容另有其他要求，本法所附第一附件內的術語及措詞，應按賦予該附件規定的詞意和范圍解釋。
第31條 待安排的保險費（Premium to be arranged）
31.(1) Where an insurance is effected at a premium to be arranged, and no arrangements is made, a reasonable premium is payable.
(2) Where an insurance is effected on the terms that an additional premium is to be arranged in a given event, and that event happens, but no arrangement is made, then a reasonable additional premium is payable.
31．（1）在待安排的保險費倘未確定而保險業已生效之場合，被保險人應支付合理的保險費。
（2）在某一事件發生時，保險繼續有效以某一待安排的附加保險費為條件之情況下，若事件發生時，倘未商定該附加保費，則被保險人應支付合理的附加保費。
重復保險（Double Insurance）
第32條 重復保險（Double insurance）
32.(1) Where two or more policies are effected by or on behalf of the assured on the same adventure and interest or any part thereof, and the sums insured exceed the indemnity allowed by this Act, the assured is said to be over-insured by double insurance
(2) Where the assured is over-insured by double insurance-
(a) The assured, unless the policy otherwise provides, may claim payment from the insurers in such order as he may think fit, provided that he is not entitled to receive any sum in excess of the indemnity allowed by this Act;
(b) Where the policy under which the assured claims is a valued policy, the assured must give credit as against the valuation for any sum received by him under any other policy without regard to the actual value of the subject-matter insured;
(c) Where the policy under which the assured claims is an unvalued policy he must give credit, as against the full insurable value, for any sum received by him under any other policy;
(d) Where the assured receives any sum in excess of the indemnity allowed by this Act, he is deemed to hold such sum in trust for the insurers according to their right of contribution among themselves.
32．（1）當被保險人或其代表，就同一冒險和利益或其中的一部分訂立了兩份以上的保險單，且保險金額超過本法所允許的賠償限額時，被保險人即被視為因重復保險而超額保險。
（2）在被保險人因重復保險而超額保險之場合：
(a) 除非保險單另有規定，被保險人可根據自已認為合適的順序，依次向其保險人索賠，但他所得金額不得超過本法允許的賠償限額；
(b) 如果被保險人憑以索賠的保險單是一份定值保險單，被保險人必須將其他保險單項下他已收取的任何數額從約定保險價值中扣除，無需考慮保險標的的實際價值；
（c）如果被保險人據以索賠的保險單是一份不定值保險單，被保險人必須將其他保險單項下他已收取的數額從全部保險價值中扣除；
(d) 若被保險人得到的金額超過本法所允許的賠償額，則此種超出金額即被視為由被保險人代各保險人托管，由保險人按他們之間的分攤權利攤回。
各項保證等（Warranties, etc.）
第33條 保證的性質（Nature of warranty）
33.(1) A warranty, in the following sections relating to warranties, means a promissory warranty, that is to say, a warranty by which the assured undertakes that some particular thing shall or shall not be done, or that some condition shall be fulfilled, or whereby he affirms or negatives the existence of a particular state of facts.
(2) A warranty may be express or implied.
(3) A warranty, as above defined, is a condition which must be exactly complied with, whether it be material to the risk or not. If it be not so complied with, then, subject to any express provision in the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the date of the breach of warranty, but without prejudice to any liability incurred by him before that date.
33．（1）保證（下述各條有關保證）是指允諾性的保證，即被保險人保證去做或不去做某種特定事情，或履行某項條件，或者肯定或否定存在某些事實的特定狀態。
（2）保證可以明示或默示。
（3）按照上述定義，無論保證對風險是否重要，均是一種必須嚴格遵守的條件。如果被保險人不如此遵守之，除非保險單另有明示規定，從被保險人違反保證之日起，保險人解除責任，但不妨礙在違反保證之前產生的任何責任。
第34條 何時可免除違反保證（When breach of warranty excused）
34.（1）Non-compliance with a warranty is excused when, by reason of a change of circumstances, the warranty ceases to be applicable to the circumstances of the contract, or when compliance with the warranty is rendered unlawful by any subsequent law.
(2) Where a warranty is broken, the assured cannot avail himself of the defence that the breach has been remedied, and the warranty complied with, before loss.
(3) A breach of warranty may be waived by the insurer.
(1) 由于情況變化，保證不再適用于合同情況，或遵循該保證被任何后來的法律視為非法等情況下，不遵循該保證可以免責。
(2) 如果一項保證已被破壞，則被保險人不能以在發生損失前違反已得到彌補，保證已得到遵守的理由為自已辯護。
(3) 保險人可以放棄保證的違反。
第35條 明示保證（Express warranties）
35.(1) An express warranty may be in any form of words from which the intention to warrant is to be inferred.
(2) An express warranty must be included in, or written upon, the policy, or must be contained in some document incorporated by reference into the policy.
(3) An express warranty does not exclude an implied warranty, unless it be inconsistent therewith.
35．(1) 明示保證可以用任何形式的文字說明保證意圖。
(2) 明示保證必須包含在或寫進保險單，或包括在并入保險單的某些文件之中。
(3) 除非明示保證與默示保證相抵觸，明示保證不排除默示保證。
第36條 中立保證（Warranty of neutrality）
36.(1) Where insurable property, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition that the property shall have a neutral character at the commencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be
preserved during the risk.
(2) Where a ship is expressly warranted “neutral” there is also an implied condition that, so far as the assured can control the matter, she shall be properly documented, that is to say, that she shall carry the necessary papers to establish her neutrality, and that she shall not falsify or suppress her papers, or use simulated papers. If any loss occurs through breach of this condition, the insurer may avoid the contract.
36．（1）在保險財產，不論是船舶還是貨物，明確宣布保證中立之場合，存在一項默示條件，即在風險開始時，該項財產應為中立性質，而且在被保險人能控制的范圍內，在整個風險期間應保持這種中立性質。
（2）在船舶明文保證中立之情況下，亦存在一項默示條件，即在被保險人能控制的范圍內，該船舶應適當備齊各種證件；亦即，該船舶必須攜帶表明其中立性質的必要文件，并不得偽造或隱匿證件或使用假文件。
對因違反此項條件所產生的任何損失，保險人可以解除合同。
第37條 無默示船籍保證（No implied warranty of nationality）
37．There is no implied warranty as to the nationality of a shipper that her nationality shall not be changed during the risk.
37．關于船舶的國籍不存在默示保證，也不存在風險期間其船籍不變的默示保證。
第38條 完好安全保證（Warranty of good safety）
38. Where the subject-matter insured is warranted “well” or “in good safety” on a particular day, it is sufficient if it be safe at any time during that day.
38．在被保險人保證保險標的在某一特定日期內保持“良好”或“完好安全”之情況下，只要保險標的在該日期的任何時候處于安全狀態便已足夠。
第39條 船舶適航保證（Warranty of seaworthiness of ship）
39.(1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured.
(2) Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the commencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port.
(3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or equipment for the , purposes of that stage.
(4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured.
(5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the private of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.”
39（1）在航次保險單中有一項默示保證，即在為承保的特定海上冒險之目的而開始其航次當時，船舶應適航。
（2）保險單訂立時若船舶停泊于港口，亦有一項默示保證，即在風險開始時，船舶應合理適宜面對該港口的通常危險。
（3）在保險單有關的航次分不同階段履行之場合，在各個階段中，船舶需要不同種類的裝備或進一步準備，有一項默示保證，在每一階段開始時，為各該階段之目的，船舶就有關此種準備或裝備是適航的。
（4）船舶在所有方面合理適宜面對承保的海上冒險中通常海上危險，即被視為適航。
（5）在船舶定期保險單中，不存在船舶在海上冒險的任何階段應當適航的默示保證，但若被保險人私謀，將處于不適航狀態下的船舶派出海，保險人對可歸因于不適航的任何損失不負責任。
第40條 無貨物適航的默示保證（No implied warranty that goods are seaworthy）
（1）In a policy on goods or other movables there is no implied warranty that the goods or movables are seaworthy.
(2) In a voyage policy on goods or other movables there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship is not only seaworthy as a ship, but also that she is reasonably fit to carry the goods or other movables to the destination contemplated by the policy.”
（1）在貨物或其他動產的保險單中，不存在該貨物或動產適航的默示保證。
（2）在貨物或其他動產的航次保險單中，存在著一項默示保證：在船舶航次開始當時，不僅船舶本身適航，而且船舶還合理適宜運送貨物或其他動產至保險單預定的目的地。
第41條 合法保證（Warranty of legality）
There is an implied warranty that the adventure insured is a lawful one, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, the adventure shall be carried out in a lawful manner.
有一項承保的海上冒險是合法的默示保證，且就被保險人所能控制的問題而言，該海上冒險應當以合法的方式進行。
航程（The Voyage）
第42條 關于風險開始的默示條件（Implied condition as to commencement of risk）
42.(1) Where the subject-matter is insured by a voyage policy ‘at and from’ or ‘from’ a particular place, it is not necessary that the ship should be at that place when the contract is concluded, but there is an implied condition that the adventure shall be commenced within a reasonable time, and that if the adventure be not so commenced the insurer may avoid the contract.
(2) The implied condition any be negative by showing that the delay was caused by circumstances known to the insurer before the contract was concluded, or by showing that he waived the condition.
42．（1）在保險標的是按“在和從”或“從”某一特定地點開始的航次保險單承保之場合，在簽訂該合同時，該船無需在該指定地點，但有一項默示條件，即該冒險應在合理時間內開始，如果該冒險未在該時間內開始，保險人可以撤銷合同。
（2）通過證明延遲是由于保險人在簽訂保險合同之前已知道的情況造成的，或證明保險人已放棄該默示條件，該默示條件可以被否定。
第43條 啟航港的變更（Alteration of port of departure）
43. Where the place of departure is specified by the policy, and the
ship instead of sailing from that place sails from any other place, the risk
does not attach.
43．在保險單已明確規定了啟航地之情況下，船舶未從該地而是從任何其他地點啟航，保險單不承保該風險。
第44條 駛往不同的目的港（Sailing for different destination）
44. Where the place destination is specified in the policy, and the ship, instead of sailing for that destination, sails for any other destination, the risk does not attach.
44．若保險單已明確規定了目的港，但船舶不駛往該目的港，而駛往任何其他目的港時，保險單不承保該風險。
第45條 改變航程（Change of voyage）
45.(1) Where, after the commencement of the risk, the destination of the ship is voluntarily changed from the destination contemplated by the policy there is said to be a change of voyage.
(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where there is a change of voyage, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of change , that is to say, as from the time when the determination to change it is manifested; and it is immaterial that the ship may not in fact have left the course of voyage contemplated by the policy when the loss occurs.
45．（1）如果在風險開始后，船舶自愿地改變保險單預定的目的港，即構成航程變更。
（2）除非保險單另有規定，如存在航程變更，保險人自該變更之時起，亦即，自變更決定被證明之時起，即免除責任；至于船舶發生滅失當時可能事實上尚未偏離保險單預定的航線則無關緊要。
第46條 繞航（Deviation）
46.(1) Where a ship, without lawful excuse, deviates from the voyage contemplated by the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of deviation, and it is immaterial that the ship may have regained her route before any loss occurs.
(2) There is a deviation from the voyage contemplated by the policy –
Where the course of the voyage is specifically designated by the policy, and that course is departed from; or
Where the course of the voyage is not specifically designated by the policy, but the usual and customary course is departed from.
(3) The intention to deviate is immaterial; there must be a deviation in fact to discharge the insurer from his liability under the contract.
46．（1）如果在無合法理由的情況下，船舶自保險單預定的航線繞航，保險人自該繞航之時起解除責任，船舶在任何損失發生前可能已回到原航線無關緊要。
（2）下列情形即屬自保險單預定的航線繞航在保險單已明確規定了航程航線的情況下，船舶駛離該航線；
在保險單未明確規定航程的航線之場合，船舶駛離通常和習慣的航線
（3）繞航的意圖無關緊要，必須有繞航的事實，保險人方可解除合同項下的責任。
第47條 數個卸貨港（Several ports of discharge）
47.-(1) Where several ports of discharge are specified by the policy, the ship may proceed to all or any of them, but, in the absence of any usage of sufficient cause to the contrary, she must proceed to them, or such of them as she goes to , in the order designated by the policy. If she does not there is a deviation.
(2) Where the policy is to ‘ports of discharge,’ within a given area, which are not named, the ship must, in the absence of any usage or sufficient cause to the contrary, proceed to them, or such of them as she goes to , in their geographical order. If she does not there is a deviation.
47．（1）如果保險單載明數個卸貨港，船舶可以駛往全部或其中任何一個港口，但若沒有相反的習慣或充分的理由，船舶必須按照保險單定明的次序，順序駛經各個港口或其中幾個港口。如果船舶違反上述次序，即構成繞航。
（2）若保險單載明某個區域內的“卸貨港口”，但未載明港名，在沒有相反的習慣或充足的理由的情況下，船舶必須按照地理上的遠近順序駛抵各港口或其中幾個港口。如船舶違反該次序，即構成繞航。
第48條 航程延遲（Delay in voyage）
48. In the case of a voyage policy, the adventure insured must be prosecuted throughout its course with reasonable dispatch, and, if without lawful excuse it is not so prosecuted, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time when the delay became unreasonable.
48．在航次保險單的情況下，承保航程在整個過程中必須合理迅速地完成，如果不能如此完成又無合法的理由，保險人自延遲成為不合理之時起解除責任。
第49條 獲準繞航或延遲（Excuses for deviation or delay）
49.(1) Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excused-
(a) Where authorized by any special term in the policy; or
(b) Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer; or
(c) Where reasonably necessary in order to comply with an express or implied warranty; or
(d) Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or
subject-matter insured; or
(e) For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or
(f) Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship; or
(g) Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against.
(2) When the cause excusing the deviation or delay ceases to operate, the ship must resume her course, and prosecute her voyage, with reasonable dispatch.”
49.（1） 船舶在完成保險單載明的航程中，下述繞航或延遲是許可的：
(a) 保險單中特殊條款授權者；
(b) 船長或其雇員不能控制的情況造成的；
(c) 為遵循明示或默示保證所合理必要的；
(d) 為船舶或保險標的的安全所合理必要的；
(e) 為救助人命或為救護有人命危險的遇難船舶；
(f) 為船上任何人員合理地及時得到內、外科治療所合理必要的；
(g) 如果“船長、船員欺詐惡行”是承保風險，由于船長或船員的欺詐惡行造成的。
(2) 一旦允許繞航或遲延的理由終止，船舶必須合理快速地回復其原航線并完成其航程。
保險單的轉讓（Assignment of Policy）
第50條 何時及如何轉讓保險單（When and how policy is assignable）
“50.-(1) A marine policy is assignable unless it contains terms expressly prohibiting assignment. It may be assigned either before or after loss.
(2) Where a marine policy has been assigned so as to pass the beneficial interest in such policy, the assignee of the policy is entitled to sue thereon in his own name; and the defendant is entitled to make any defence arising out of the contract which he would have been entitled to make if the action had been brought in the name of the person by or on behalf of whom the policy was effected.
(3) A marine policy may be assigned by endorsement thereon or in other customary manner.
50.（1）除非保險單中明文規定禁止轉讓，海上保險單可以在損失發生前或發生后轉讓。
（2）在海上保險已經轉讓，以便轉移此種保險單中的利益之場合，保險單的受讓人有權以自已的名義起訴，被告有權援用該合同引起的任何抗辯，好像訴訟是由訂立保險單的人或代表他提起的一樣。
（3）海上保險單可以用在保險單上背書或用其他習慣方式轉讓。
第51條 無保險利益者不能轉讓保險單（Assured who has no interest cannot assign）
51. Where the assured has parted with or lost his interest in the subject-matter insured, and has not, before or at the time of so doing, expressly or impliedly agreed to assign the policy, any subsequent assignment of the policy is inoperative;
Provided that nothing in this section affects the assignment of a policy after loss.
51．在被保險人對保險標的已經沒有或喪失利益，且在此之前或當時未明示或默示同意轉讓保險單之情況下，則隨后保險單的任何轉讓均屬無效。
但本條規定不影響在發生損失之后的保險單轉讓。
保險費（The Premium）
第52條 何時繳付保險費（When premium payable）
52．Unless otherwise agreed, the duty of the assured or his agent to pay the premium, and the duty of the insured to issue the policy to the assured or his agent, are concurrent conditions, and the insurer is not bound to issue the policy until payment or tender of the premium.
52．除非另有協議，被保險人或其代理人支付保險費的義務，與保險人向被保險人或其代理人簽發保險單的義務是對流條件，在支付或提交保險費之前，保險人沒有義務簽發保險單。
第53條 通過經紀人訂立的保險單（Policy effected through broker ）
53．（1）Unless otherwise agreed, where a marine policy is effected on behalf of the assured by a broker, the broker is directly responsible to the insurer for the premium, and the insurer is directly responsible to the assured for the amount which may be payable in respect of losses, or in respect of returnable premium.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed, the broker has, as against the assured, a lien upon the policy for the amount of the premium and his charges in respect of effecting the policy; and, where he has dealt with the person who employs him as a principal, he has also a lien on the policy in respect of any balance on any insurance account which may be due to him from such person, unless when the debt was incurred he had reason to believe that such person was only an agent.
53．(1) 除非另有約定，在海上保險單是由經紀人代表被保險人辦理之場合，該經紀人應對保險人就該保險費承擔直接責任，關于因滅失應付之賠償或可退還的保險費，保險人應向被險人直接負責。
(2) 除非另有約定，經紀人就其繳納的保險費和他代辦投保的費用，對被保險人享有留置保險單的權利；經紀人如果同作為雇主雇用他的人打交道，而在保險賬目中該人有應當支付他的余額時，他也有留置保險單的權利，除非這種債務產生時，他有理由相信此種人只是一個代理人。
第54條 收據對保險單的效果（Effect of receipt on policy）
54．Where a marine policy effected on behalf of the assured by a broker acknowledges the receipt of the premium, such acknowledgment is, in the absence of fraud, conclusive as between the insurer and the assured, but not as between the insurer and broker.
54．如果海上保險單由經紀人代表被保險人訂立，確認收到保險費的收據，在沒有欺詐的情況下，此種確認在保險人與被保險人之間是確證，但在保險人與經紀人之間不是最終證明。
滅失及委付（Loss and Abandonment）
第55條 保險和除外滅失（Included and excluded losses）
55.(1) Included and excluded losses Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against, but, subject as aforesaid, he is not liable for any loss which is not proximately caused by a peril insured against.
(2) In particular-
(a) The insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to the willful misconduct of the assured, but, unless the policy otherwise provides, he is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against, even though the loss would not have happened but for the misconduct or negligence of the master or crew;
(b) Unless the policy otherwise provides , the insurer on ship or goods is not liable for any loss proximately caused by delay, although the delay be caused by a peril insured against;
(c) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer is not liable for ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage and breakage, inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured, or for any loss proximately caused by rats or vermin, or for any injury to machinery not proximately caused by maritime perils.
55、承保風險及除外風險
(1)本法規定及除保險單另有規定外，保險人對承保風險作為近因而導致的任何損失承擔保險責任，但是，如前所述，保險人將不對承保風險并非近因而導致的任何損失承擔保險責任。
(2) 尤其是-
(a) 保險人不承擔由被保險人惡意行為所導致的任何損失，但除非保單另有規定，保險人對承保風險直接導致的任何損失承擔責任，盡管若非船長或船員的惡意行為或疏忽該損失將不會發生；
(b) 除非保單另有規定，船舶險或貨物險保險人將不對由遲延直接導致的任何損失承擔責任，盡管該遲延是由承保風險所引起；
(c) 除非保險單另有規定，對通常磨損、滲漏和破裂，保險標的固有缺陷或特性，或者鼠害或蟲害造成的任何損失，或者不是海上危險造成的機器損壞，保險人不負賠償責任。
第56條 部分損失和全損（Partial and total loss）
56.(1) a loss may be either total or partial. Any loss other than total loss, as hereinafter defined, is a partial loss.
(2) A total loss may be either an actual total loss, or a constructive total loss.
(3) Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the policy, an insurance against total loss includes a constructive, as well as an actual, total loss.
(4) Where the assured brings an action for a total loss and the evidence proves only a partial loss, he may, unless the policy otherwise provides, recover for a partial loss.
(5) Where goods reach their destination in specie, but by reason of obliteration of marks, or otherwise, they are incapable of identification, the loss, if any, is partial, and not total.”
56.(1) 損失可以為全損或部分損失。任何非本法下文所規定的全損的損失，為部分損失。
(2) 全損可以為實際全損，或者推定全損。
(3) 除非保險單條款另有不同的意思，全損險除承保實際全損外，還承保推定全損。
(4) 被保險人提出全損訴訟請求，而證據證明僅為部分損失的，除保險單另有規定外，他可以索賠部分損失。
(5) 貨物以原有品種抵達目的地，只是由于標識之涂擦或者其他原因而無法識別的，該損失，如果有的話，是部分損失而非全損。
第57條 實際全損（Actual total loss）
57.(1) Where the subject-matter is destroyed, or so damaged as to cease to be a thing of the kind insured, or where the assured is irretrievably deprived thereof, there is an actual total loss.
(2) In the case of an actual total loss no notice of abandonment need be given.
57．(1) 當保險標的完全滅失，或者損壞程度嚴重到不再是與原保險標的類似的事物，或者被保險人無可挽回地喪失了該保險標的者，構成實際全損。
(2) 發生實際全損的，無須發送委付通知。
第58條 船舶失蹤（Missing ship）
58．Missing ship-Where the ship concerned in the adventure is missing, and after the lapse of a reasonable time no news of her has been received, an actual total loss may be presumed.
58．船舶失蹤－如果在海上冒險中有關的船舶失蹤，在一段合理的時間過后，仍未收到任何消息，則可推定為實際全損.
第59條 轉運的效果（Effect of transshipment, etc.）
59 .Where, by a peril insured against, the voyage is interrupted at an intermediate port or place, under such circumstances as, apart from any special stipulation in the contract of affreightment, to justify the master in landing and re-shipping the goods or other movables, or in transshipping them, and sending them on to their destination, the liability of the insurer
continues notwithstanding the landing or transshipment.
59．如果由于承保危險使航程在中途港或中途某地中斷，除了運輸合同中的任何特殊規定之外，在船長有將貨物或其他動產卸下及重裝，或轉船運往其目的港的正當理由的情況下，保險人應繼續承擔責任，盡管發生了該卸岸或轉運。
第60條 推定全損的定義（Constructive total loss defined）
60.(1)Subject to any express provision in the policy, there is a constructive total loss where the subject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable, or because it could not be preserved from actual total loss without an expenditure which would exceed its value when the expenditure had been incurred.
(2)In particular, there is a constructive total loss-
(i) Where the assured is deprived of the possession of his ship or goods by a peril insured against, and (a) it is unlikely that he can recover the ship or goods, as the case may be, or (b) the cost of recovering the ship or goods, as the case may be, would exceed their value when recovered; or
(ii) In the case of damage to a ship, where she is so damaged by a peril insured against, that the cost of repairing the damage would exceed the value of the ship when repaired.
In estimating the cost of repairs, no deduction is to be made in respect of general average contributions to those repairs payable by other interests, but account is to be taken of the expense of future salvage operations and of any future general average contributions to which the ship would be liable if repaired; or
(iii) In the case of damage to goods, where the cost of repairing the damage and forwarding the goods to their destination would exceed their value on arrival.
60.(1) 除保險單另有明文規定外，保險標的因其全部損失看起來不可避免，或者為避免實際全損所需的費用將超過其本身價值的原因而被合理放棄的，即構成推定全損。
(2) 尤其在下列情況下，構成推定全損：
(i) 因承保危險使被保險人喪失對其船、貨的占有，并且(a) 按照情況，被保險人不大可能收回船舶和貨物，或者(b) 依據情況，收回船、貨的費用將超過其收回后的價值；或
(ii) 船舶受損的，因承保危險使船舶所受損壞嚴重到修理船損的費用將超過修理后船舶的價值的情況。
在估算修理費用時，由其他利益方支付的修理費用的共同海損分攤額不應被扣除，但是應當把將來的救助費用以及船舶如經修繕即應負擔的共同海損分攤額計算在內；
(iii) 貨物受損的，修理受損貨物以及將貨物續運到目的地的費用，將超過貨物到達目的地時的價值的情況。
第61條 推定全損的效果（Effect of constructive total loss）
61. Where there is a constructive total loss the assured may either treat the loss as a partial loss, or abandon the subject-matter insured to the insurer and treat the loss as if it were an actual total loss
61.若發生推定全損，被保險人可以將其視為部分損失，也可以把保險標的委付給保險人，將該損失視為如同實際全損一樣。
第62條 委付通知（Notice of abandonment）
“62(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, where the assured elects to abandon the subject-matter insured to the insurer, he must give
notice of abandonment. If he fails to do so the loss can only be treated as
a partial loss”
(2) Notice of abandonment may be given in writing, or by word of mouth,
or partly by word of mouth, and may be given in any terms, which indicate
the intention of the assured to abandon his insured interest in the
subject-matter insured unconditionally to the insurer.
(3) Notice of abandonment must be given with reasonable diligence after
the receipt of reliable information of the loss, but where the information
is of a doubtful character the assured is entitled to a reasonable time to
make inquiry.
(4) Where notice of abandonment is properly given, the rights of the
assured are not prejudiced by the fact that the insurer refuses to accept
the abandonment.
(5) The acceptance of abandonment may be either express or implied from
the conduct of the insurer, The mere silence of the insurer after notice is
not an acceptance.
(6) Where notice of abandonment is accepted the abandonment is
irrevocable. The acceptance of the notice conclusively admits liability for
the loss and the sufficiency of the notice.
(7) Notice of abandonment is unnecessary where, at the time when the
assured received information of the loss, there would be no possibility of
benefit to the insurer if notice were given to him.
(8) Notice of abandonment may be waived by the insurer.
(9) Where an insurer has re-insured his risk, no notice of abandonment
need be given by him.”
62(1)
除本條另有規定外，被保險人選擇將保險標的委付給保險人的，必須發送委付通知。被保險人未發送委付通知的，損失只能視為部分損失。
(2)
委付通知可以以書面形式或口頭形式或者部分書面、部分口頭形式發出，被保險人可以以任何措詞，表明其愿意將保險標的的保險利益無條件地委付給保險人。
(3)
委付通知必須在得到損失的可靠消息后，合理而謹慎地發送，但是消息存在可疑之處的，被保險人有權在合理時間內對此進行查詢。
(4) 適當發出委付通知后，保險人拒絕接受委付的事實，不影響被保險人的權利。
(5)
保險人對于委付的接受可以明示，也可以以行動默示。保險人在收到委付通知后僅保持沉默，不構成對委付的接受。
(6)
委付通知書一經接受，委付便不能撤回。保險人接受委付通知，即表明最后承認對損失負責和通知有效。
(7)
被保險人得到損失消息時，如果向保險人發出委付通知，保險人已無獲益可能的，則無需發出委付通知。
(8) 保險人可以放棄發出委付通知的權利。
(9) 保險人將其風險再保險的，該保險人無需發出委付通知。”
第63條 委付的效果（Effect of abandonment）
63.(1) Where there is a valid abandonment the insurer is entitled to
take over the interest of the assured in whatever may remain of the
subject-matter insured, and all proprietary rights incidental thereto.
(2) Upon the abandonment of a ship, the insurer thereof is entitled to
any freight in course of being earned, and which is earned by her subsequent
to the casualty causing the loss, less the expenses of earning it incurred
after the casualty; and, where the ship is carrying the owner’s goods, the
insurer is entitled to a reasonable remuneration for the carriage of them
subsequent to the casualty causing the loss.”
63. (1)
如果委付有效，保險人有權接管被保險人對保險標的的一切剩余利益，以及與其有關的所有財產利益。
(2)
從委付船舶時起，船舶保險人有權得到正在賺取和在引起損失的事故發生后船舶收取的任何運費，減去在引起損失發生的事故后為獲得該運費所支付的費用；如果船舶裝載的是船舶所有人的貨物，保險人有權收取在引起損失發生的事故后運輸貨物的合理報酬。”
部分損失（Partial Losses）
第64條 單獨海損（Particular average loss）
64.(1) A particular average loss is a partial loss of the subject-matter
insured, caused by a peril insured against, and which is not a general
average loss.
(2) Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or
preservation of the subject-matter insured, other than general average and
salvage charges, are called particular charges,
Particular charges are not included in particular average.
64.（1）單獨海損損失是指某種承保危險造成的保險標的的部分損失，其并非共同海損損失。
（2）除共同海損和救助費用外，由被保險人或代表被保險人，為保險標的的安全或保存保險標的所產生的費用，叫做特別費用。
特別費用不包括在單獨海損內。
第65條 救助費用（Salvage charges）
65.(1) Subject to any express provision in the policy, salvage charges
incurred in preventing a loss by perils insured against may be recovered as
a loss by those perils.
(2) ‘salvage charges’ means the charges recoverable under maritime law
by a salvor independently of contract. They do not include the expenses of
services in the nature of salvage rendered by the assured or his agents, or
any person employed for hire by them, for the purpose of averting a peril
insured against. Such expenses, where properly incurred, may be recovered as
particular charges or as a general average loss, according to the
circumstances under which they were incurred.
65．（1）除保險單另有明確規定外，為防止承保危險發生以致造成損失而產生的費用可以像承保危險造成的損失一樣得到賠償。
（2）“救助費用”系指非合同救助人根據海商法可主張的的費用。救助費用不包括被保險人或其代理人或其雇傭的其他人為避免承保危險而提供具有救助性質的服務所支出的費用。此種費用的支出如屬正當，則應根據提供服務的具體情況而將其作為特別費用或共同海損損失得到補償。
第66條 共同海損（General average loss）
66(1) A general average loss is a loss caused by or directly
consequential on a general average act. It includes a general average
expenditure as well as a general average sacrifice.
(2) There is a general average act where any extraordinary sacrifice or
expenditure is voluntarily and reasonably made or incurred in time of peril
for the purpose of preserving the property imperiled in the common
adventure.
（3）“When there is a general average loss, the party on whom it falls
is entitled, subject to the conditions imposed by maritime law, to a ratable
contribution from the other parties interested, and such contribution is
called a general average contribution.
（4）“Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured
has incurred a general average expenditure, he may recover from the insurer
in respect of the proportion of the loss which falls upon him; and, in the
case of a general average sacrifice , he may recover from the insurer in
respect of the whole loss without having enforced his right of contribution
from the other parties liable to contribute.
（5）subject to any express provision in the policy , when the assured
has paid, or is liable to pay, a general average contribution in respect of
the subject insured, he may recover therefor from the insurer.
（6）In the absence of express stipulation, the insurer is not liable
for any general average loss or contribution where the loss was not incurred
for the purpose of avoiding, or in connection with the avoidance of , a
peril insured against.
（7）Where ship, freight and cargo, or any two of those interests, are
owned by the same assured, the liability of the insurer in respect of
general average losses and contributions is to be determined as if those
subjects were owned by different persons.”
66．（1）共同海損損失是由共同海損行為造成的或其直接后果所致的損失。它包括共同海損犧牲和共同海損費用。
（2）在危險發生時，為保護共同冒險（同一航程）中處于危險的財產，如果有意而合理地作出或產生任何特殊犧牲或費用，即構成共同海損行為。
（3）若發生共同海損損失，根據海商法規定的條件，遭受損失的一方有權從其他利益方得到比例分攤，這種分攤稱為共同海損分攤。
（4）除保險單另有明確規定外，被保險人遭受的共同海損費用，可以按其承擔的損失比例，從保險人處獲得賠償，而對于共同海損犧牲，被保險人無須先請求其他利益方進行分攤，即可從保險人處獲得全部損失的賠償。
（5）除保險單另有規定外，在被保險人已經支付或有責任支付有關保險標的的共同海損分攤時，他可以從保險人處得到相應的賠償。
（6）在無明文規定時，保險人對不是為了避免承保危險或與此有關的共同海損損失和共同海損分攤不負責任。
（7）如果船舶、運費和貨物，或者其中任何兩種利益屬于同一被保險人，保險人對共同海損損失及分攤所負的責任，如同上列利益由不同所有人享有一樣。
賠償限額（Measure of Indemnity）
第67條 保險人對損失的責任范圍（Extent of liability of insurer for loss）
67. (1) The sum which the assured can recover in respect of a loss on a
policy by which he is insured, in the case of an unvalued policy by which he
is insured, in the case of an unvalued policy to the full extent of the
insurable value, or, in the case of a valued policy to the full extent of
the valued fixed by the policy, is called the measure of indemnity.
(2) Where there is a loss recoverable under the policy, the insurer, or
each insurer if there be more than one, is liable for such proportion of the
measure of indemnity as the amount of his subscription bears to the value
fixed by the policy in the case of a valued policy, or to the insurable
value in the case of an unvalued policy.
67．（1）被保險人在其保險單項下能得到的損失賠償叫做賠償限額。對不定值保險單，賠償限額是保險標的的全部保險價值；對定值保險單，賠償限額是保險單中的約定保險價值。
（2）在損失根據保險單可以得到賠償之場合，保險人（或兩個以上的保險人中的任何一個）按其對保險單所認可的數額同保險單約價值（就定值保險單而言）或同可保價值（就不定值保險單而論）的比例賠付賠償限額。
第68條 全損（Total loss）
68. Subject to the provisions of this Act and to any express provisions
in the policy, where there is a total loss of the subject-matter insured-
(1) If the policy be a valued policy, the measure of indemnity is the
sum fixed by the policy;
(2) If the policy be an unvalued policy, the measure of indemnity is the
insurable value of the subject-matter insured.
68. 除本法另有規定和保險單另有明文規定外，保險標的發生全損的，
(1) 如果保險單是定值保險單，賠償范圍是保險單所確定的數額。
(2) 如果保險單是不定值保險單，賠償范圍是保險標的的可保價值。
第69條 船舶的部分損失（Partial loss of ship）
69. Where a ship is damaged, but is not totally lost, the measure of
indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:-
（1） Where the ship has been repaired, the assured is entitled to the
reasonable cost of the repairs, less the customary deductions, but not
exceeding the sum insured in respect of any one casualty;
（2） Where the ship has been only partially repaired, the assured is
entitled to the reasonable cost of such repairs, computed as above, and also
to be indemnified for the reasonable depreciation, if any, arising from the
unrepaired damage, provided that the aggregate amount shall not exceed the
cost of repairing the whole damage, computed as above;
（3） Where the ship has not been repaired, and has not been sold in her
damaged state during the risk, the assured is entitled to be indemnified for
the reasonable depreciation arising from the unrepaired damage, but not
exceeding the reasonable cost of repairing such damage, computed as above.
69.船舶遭受損壞，但不是全部損失的，除保險單另有明文規定外，賠償范圍如下：--
(1)
對船舶進行修理的，被保險人有權獲得合理的修理費用減去習慣扣減后的數額，但就任何一次事故所支付的數額不得超過保險金額；
(2)
僅對船舶進行部分修理的，被保險人有權獲得按上述方法計算的該項修理的合理費用，以及對于未修理損壞所引起的合理貶值的賠償，但是賠款總額不得超過按上述方法計算的修理全部損壞的費用。
(3)
未對船舶進行修理，且在保險期間未以其受損狀態出售該船舶的，被保險人有權就未經修理的損壞所引起的合理貶值獲得賠償，但是賠償數額不得超過按上述方法計算的修理此項損壞的合理費用。
第70條 運費的部分損失（Partial loss of freight）
70．Subject to any express provision in the policy, where there is a
partial loss of freight, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the
sum fixed by the policy, in the case of a valued policy or of the insurable
value, in the case of an unvalued policy, as the proportion of freight lost
by the assured bears to the whole freight at the risk of the assured under
the policy.
70．受本保險任何明示規定的制約，在發生, 運費部分損失之場合，賠償限額為：對定值保險單而言，按保險單上載明的保險金額或保險價值的比例；就不定值保險單而論，按被保險人遭受的運費損失與根據保險單被保險人處于風險中的全部運費比例。
第71條 貨物、商品等的部分損失（Partial loss of goods, merchandise,
etc.）
71. Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables,
the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is
as follows:
（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by
a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion
of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears
to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an
unvalued policy:
(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by
an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the
insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:
(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has
been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such
proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy,
or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the
difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of
arrival bears to the gross sound value:
(4)“Gross value” means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such
price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges,
and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise
customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.
“Gross Proceeds” means the actual price obtained at a sale where all
charges on sale are paid by the sellers.
71.貨物、商品或者其他動產發生部分損失的，除保險單另有明文規定外，賠償范圍如下：
(1)
如果定值保險單承保的貨物、商品或者其他動產的一部分發生全損，賠償范圍為保險單確定的保險金額中的比例部分，該比例為滅失部分的可保價值占全部可保價值的比例部分。可保價值的確定與不定值保險相同；
(3)
若不定值保險單承保的貨物、商品或者其他動產的一部分發生全損，賠償范圍為損失部分的可保價值，可保價值的確定與全損時相同；
(4)
如果被保險貨物或商品的全部或者一部分以受損狀態運抵目的地，賠償范圍以(該貨物、商品的)
完好毛值與受損價值的差額占完好毛值的比例計算，在定值保險單情況下，是保險單確定的金額的該比例部分，或者，在不定值保險單情況下，是可保價值的該比例部分；
(5)
“毛值”是指貨物的批發價格，如果沒有這種價格，則是貨物的估計價值，不論哪一種情況，再加上已預先付訖的運費、卸貨費和關稅之后的價值；但是，如果貨物或商品按慣例在關倉出售，那么關倉價格就視為毛值。“毛收入”是指所有出售費用均由出售人支付時獲得的實際出售價格。”
第72條 價值的分配（Apportionment of valuation）
(1) Where different species of property are insured under a single
valuation, the valuation must be apportioned over the different species on
proportion to their respective insurable values, as in the case of an
unvalued policy The insured value of any part of a species in such
proportion of the total insured value of the same as the insurable value of
the part bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained in both
cases as provided by this Act.
(2) Where a valuation has to be apportioned, and particulars of the
prime cost of each separate species, quality, or description of goods cannot
be ascertained, the division of the valuation may be made the net arrived
sound values of the different species, qualities, or description of goods.
72．（1）在不同種類的貨物按一個保險價值保險之場合，該價值必須根據不同貨物本身的保險價值的比例進行分配，如同不定值保險單的情況一樣。一種貨物的任何部分保險價值是該貨物全部保險價值中占該部分貨物價值同全部保險價值的比例部分。兩種情況下保險價值均按本法規定確定。
（2）在某個價值不得不分配，但又不能確定貨物的每個單獨種類的原始成本、質量或細節之情況下，可以根據不同種類、質量或細節的貨物的到港完好凈值進行劃分。
第73條 共同海損分攤和救助費用（General average contributions and salvage
charges）
73（1）Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured
has paid, or is liable for, any general average contribution, the measure of
indemnity is the full amount of such contribution, if the subject matter
liable to contribution is insured for its full contributory value; but, if
such subject-matter be not insured for its full contributory value, or if
only part of it be insured, the indemnity payable by the insurer must be
reduced in proportion to the under insurance, and where there has been a
particular average loss which constitutes a deduction from the contributory
value, and for which the insurer is liable, that amount must be deducted
from the insured value in order to ascertain what the insurer is liable to
contribute.
（2）Where the insurer is liable for salvage charges the extent of his
liability must be determined on the like principle.
（1）除保單另有規定外，如果被保險人已經給付或有責任給付任何共同海損分攤，其賠償限額為：如果負責分攤的標的物是按分攤價值足額投保的話，應按共同海損分攤全額賠付；如果該標的物未按分攤價值足額投保或只投保了一部分，保險人應支付的賠償額必須按不足額保險比例減少，而且如果發生了應從分攤價值內扣掉的單獨海損損失，且保險人對此負有賠償責任，則應從保險價值中先予扣除，以便確定保險人應承擔的分攤額。
(2) 在保險人應負責救助費用的情況下，其責任范圍必須按相似的原則確定。
第74條 對第三方的責任（Liabilities to third parties）
74．Where the assured has effected an insurance in express terms against
any liability to a third party, the measure of indemnify, subject to any
express provision in the policy, is the amount paid or payable by him to
such third party in respect of such liability.
74．被保險人已通過明示條款對第三方的任何責任進行投保，根據保險單上明示條款的規定，獲得補償的數額是其就這一責任向第三方支付或應支付的數額。
第75條 關于賠償限額的一般規定（General provisions as to measure of
indemnity）
75（1）Where there has been a loss in respect of any subject-matter not
expressly provided for in the foregoing provisions of the Act, the measure
of indemnity shall be ascertained, as nearly as may be, in accidence with
those provisions, in so far as applicable to the particular case.
（2） Nothing in the provisions of this Act relating to the measure of
indemnity shall affect the rules relating to double insurance, or prohibit
the insurer from disproving interest wholly or in part, or from showing that
at the time of the loss the whole or any part of the subject-matter insured
was not at risk under the policy.
75.（1）本法前文未予明文規定的保險標的發生損失的，應當依據與該具體情形的適用最相近似的條款來確定賠償范圍。
(2) 本法有關計算方法的規定，
對有關重復保險的規則沒有任何影響，并且不阻止保險人全部或部分否定利益的存在，不阻止保險人表明在發生損失時，保險標的的全部或一部分并不處于保險單項下所列的危險之中。
第76條 單獨海損保證（Particular average warranties）
76. (1) Where the subject-matter insured is warranted free from
particular average, the assured cannot recover for a loss of part, other
than a loss incurred by a general average sacrifice, unless the contract
contained in the policy be apportionable; but, if the contract be
apportionable, the assured may recover for a total loss of any apportionable
part.
(2) Where the subject-matter insured is warranted free from particular
average, either wholly or under a certain percentage, the insurer is
nevertheless liable for salvage charges, and for particular charges and
other expenses properly incurred pursuant to the provisions of the suing and
labouring clause in order to avert a loss insured against.
(3) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where the subject-matter
insured is warranted free from particular average under a specified
percentage, a general average loss cannot be added to a particular average
loss to make up the specified percentage.
(4) For the purpose of ascertaining whether the specified percentage has
been reached, regard shall be had only to the actual loss suffered by the
subject-matter insured. Particular charges and the expenses of and
incidental to ascertaining and proving the loss must be excluded.
76（1）如果保險標的按不賠單獨海損條款投保，除非保險合同是可分割的，被保險人所遭受的部分損失不能獲得賠償，但屬共同海損犧牲的損失可獲賠償；若保險合同是可分割的，被保險人就任何可分割部分的全損可獲賠償。
（2）假如保險標的按不賠單獨海損條款投保，無論是全部單損還是一定比例以下的不賠單獨海損，保險人都承擔救助費用和根據施救條款為避免可保損失而合理發生的特殊費用和其他費用。
（3）若保險標的按一定比例以下的不賠單獨海損條款投保，共同海損損失不得加入單獨海損中以求達到該規定比例，除非保險單另有約定。
（4）確定規定的單獨海損比例是否達到時，只應考慮保險標的遭受的實際損失，特別費用和有關確定、證明損失的費用必須排除。
第77條 連續損失（Successive losses）
77.（1）Unless the policy otherwise provides, and subject to the
provisions of this Act, the insurer is liable for successive losses, even
though the total amount of such losses may exceed the sum insured.
（2）Where under the same policy, a partial loss, which has not been
repaired or otherwise made good, is followed by a total loss, the assured
can only recover in respect of the total loss:
Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the liability of the
insurer under the suing and labouring clause.”
77.（1）除保險單和本法另有規定外，保險人應對連續損失負責，即使這些損失的總額會超過保險金額。
（2）在同一保險單項下，部分損失未經修理或以其它方式回復，接著又發生全損的，被保險人只能就該全損獲得賠償：
但是，本款規定不應影響保險人根據施救條款所承擔的責任。
第78條 施救條款（Suing and labouring clause）
78.(1）Where the policy contains a suing and labouring clause, the
engagement thereby entered into is deemed to be supplementary to the
contract of insurance, and the assured may recover from the insurer any
expenses properly incurred pursuant to the clause, notwithstanding that the
insurer may have paid for a total loss, or that the subject matter may have
been warranted free from particular average, either wholly or under a
certain percentage.
（2）General average losses and contributions and salvage charges, as
defined by this Act, are not recoverable under the suing and labouring
clause.
（3）Expenses incurred for the purpose of averting or diminishing any
loss not covered by the policy are not recoverable under the suing and
labouring clause.
（4）It is the duty of the assured and his agents, in all cases, to take
such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimizing
a loss.
78.(1)若保險合同中含有施救條款，則該項約定應視為對保險合同的補充。被保險人得因履行該條款所產生的一切合理費用，向保險人請求賠償，即使保險人已經賠付全損，或者該保險標的已經訂明單獨海損之全部或一定的百分比以下不賠，亦不影響該項費用之賠償。
(2)本法規定之共同海損損害及其分攤，或救助費用，均不得依據施救條款之規定獲得賠償。
(3)為避免或減少承保范圍以外的損失所產生的費用，也不得依據施救條款之規定獲得賠償。
（4）被保險人或其代理人在任何情形下，均應采取一切合理措施防止或減少損失。
理賠后保險人的權利（Rights of Insurer on Payment）
第79條 代位權（Right of subrogation）
79.(1) Where the insurer pays for a total loss, either of the whole, or
in the case of goods of any apportionable part, of the subject-matter
insured, he thereupon becomes entitled to take over the interest of the
assured in whatever may remain of the subject-matter so paid for, and he is
thereby subrogated to all the fights and remedies of the assured in and in
respect of that subject-matter as from the time of the casualty.
(2) subject to the foregoing provisions, where the insurer pays for a
partial loss, he acquires no title to the subject-matter insured, or such
part of it as may remain, but he is thereupon subrogated to all rights and
remedies of the assured in and in respect of the subject-matter insured as
from the time of the casualty causing the loss, in so far as the assured has
been indemnified, according to this Act, by such payment for the loss.
79. (1) 保險人賠付保險標的全損之后，
不論賠付的是整體全損，還是貨物的可分割部分的全損，均有權接管被保險人在該已賠付保險標的上可能留下的任何利益，并從造成保險標的損失的事故發生之時起，取得被保險人在該保險標的上的一切權利和救濟。
(2)受前述各條款制約，在保險人賠償部分損失之場合，他并不取得該項保險標的或其存留部分的所有權，但是，根據本法，通過賠付此種損失，自造成損失的事故發生之時起，保險人代位取得被保險人對保險標的的一切權利和救濟，但以被保險人已獲賠償額為限。”
第80條 分攤的權利（Right of contribution）
80.(1) Where the assured is over-insured by double insurance, such
insurer is bound, as between himself and the other insurers, to contribute
ratably to the loss in proportion to the amount for which he is liable under
his contract.
(2) If any insurer pays more than his proportion of the loss, he is
entitled to maintain an action for contribution against the other insurers,
and is entitled to the like remedies as a surety who has paid more than his
proportion of the debt.
80.(1)
在被保險人因重復保險而造成超額保險之場合，各保險人相互之間有義務按其合同負責的數額比例分攤損失。
（2）任何保險人如已賠付了超過其應攤比例的損失，有權向其他保險人追償攤回，并有權像已支付超過其債務比例的保證人那樣，取得同樣的救濟。
第81條 不足額保險的后果（Effect of under-insurance）
81.Where the assured is insured for an amount less than the insurable
value or, in the case of a valued policy, for an amount less than the policy
valuation, he is deemed to be his own insurer in respect of the uninsured
balance.
81.在本保險投保金額少于其可保價值，或在定值保險單中，投保的金額少于保險單價值之場合，就有關該未保險余額，他應視為是他自已的保險人。
保險費的退費（Return of Premium）
第82條 退費（Enforcement of return）
82.Where the premium, or a proportionate part thereof is, by this Act,
declared to be returnable,-
(a) If already paid, it may be recovered by the assured from the
insurer; and
(b) If unpaid, it may be retained by the assured or his agent.
82．凡根據本法規定，已申明的保險費或保險費的一個比例部分可以退還：
(a) 如果保險費已經繳付，可由被保險人向保險人追回；
(b) 假如未繳付保險費，被保險人或其代理人可以保留之。
第83條 約定退費（Return by agreement）
83.Where the policy contains a stipulation for the return of the
premium, or a proportionate part thereof, on the happening of a certain
event, and that event happens, the premium, or, as the case may be, the
proportionate part thereof, is thereupon returnable to the assured.
83．在保險單中有發生某一事件時退還保險費或部分保險費的規定之情況下，當發生該事件時，保險費或保險費的比例部分，由保險人退還給被保險人。
第84條 缺乏對價的退費（Return for failure of consideration）
84.(1) Where the consideration for the payment of the premium totally
fails, and there has been no fraud or illegality on the part of the assure
or his agents, the premium is thereupon returnable to the assured.
(2) Where the consideration for the payment of the premium is
apportionable and there is a total failure of any apportionable part of the
consideration, a proportionate part of the premium is, under the like
conditions, thereupon returnable to the assured.
（3）In particular-
(a) Where the policy is void, or is avoided by the insurer as from the
commencement of the risk, the premium is returnable, provided that there has
been no fraud or illegality on the part of the assured; but if the risk is
not apportionable, and has once attached, the premium is not returnable.
(b) Where the subject-matter insured, or part thereof, has never been
imperiled, the premium, or, as the case may be, a proportionate part
thereof, is returnable;
Provided that where the subject-matter has been insured “lost or not
lost” and has arrived in safety at the time when the contract is concluded,
the premium is not returnable unless, at such time, the insurer knew of the
safe arrival.
(c) Where the assured has no insurable interest throughout the currency
of the risk, the premium is returnable, proviede that this rule does not
apply to a policy effected by way of gaming or wagering;
(d) Where the assured has a defeasible interest which is terminated
during the currency of the risk, the premium is not returnable;
(e) Where the assured has over-insured under an unvalued policy, a
proportionate part of the premium is returnable;
(f) Subject to the foregoing provisions, where the assured has
over-insured by double insurance, a proportionate part of the several
premiums is returnable;
Provided that, if the policy are effected at different times, and any
earlier policy has at any time borne the entire risk, or if a claim has been
paid on the policy in respect of the full sum insured thereby, no premium is
returnable in respect of that policy, and when the double insurance is
effected knowingly by the assured no premium is returnable.
84.（1）在支付保險費所考慮的對價完全缺乏，且被保險人及其代理人不存在任何欺詐和非法行為的情況下，保險費得退還被保險人。
（2）在支付保險費所考慮的對價可以分割，且有任何可分割部分完全缺乏之場合，該比例部分的保險費得根據相同條件退還被保險人。
(3) 特別是：
(a)
如果被保險人不存在欺詐或非法行為，在保險人宣布自風險開始起，保險單無效或撤銷保險單，保險費應予退回；
但若該風險是不可分割的，一旦保險責任已開始，則保險費不得退回。
(b)
如果保險標的或其他部分從未處于危險之中，保險費或該比例部分的保險費便可退回；
但是，如果保險標的是按“無論是否已滅失”條件保險，且當合同訂立時該條保險標的已經安全到達，保險費亦不得退回，除非訂立合同時，保險人已知道其業已安全到達。
(c)
如果在整個風險存在期間，被保險人無保險利益，保險費可予退回，但這一規則對賭博性保險單不適用。
(d) 如果被保險人的可撤銷的利益于風險存在期間終止，則保險費不能退回。
(e) 如被保險人不定值保險單中超額保險，保險費得按比例退還一部分。
(f)
除前述條款另有規定外，若被保險人經重復保險而超額保險，幾筆保險費按比例退還。
但是，如果幾份保險單在不同時間開始生效，任何較早訂立的保險單已在任何時間承保整個保險，或保險單已就全部保險金額支付賠償，該保險單項下的保險費不能退回；若被保險人在明知的情況下訂立重復保險，保險費不予退還。
相互保險（Mutual Insurance）
第85條 相互保險情況下本法的修改（Modification of Act in case of mutual
insurance）
(1) Where two or more persons mutually agree to insure each other
against marine losses there is said to be a mutual insurance.
(2) The provisions of this Act relating to the premium do not apply to
mutual insurance, but a guarantee, or such other arrangement as may be
agreed upon, may be substituted for the premium.
(3) The provisions of this Act, in so far as they may be modified by the
agreement of the parties, may in the case of mutual insurance be modified by
the terms of the polices issued by the association, or by the rules and
regulations of the association.
(4) Subject to the exceptions mentioned in this section, the provision
of this Act apply to a mutual insurance.
85. (1) 兩人或兩人以上彼此同意互相承保海上損失，稱為相互保險。
（2）本法有關保險費的各項規定，不適用于相互保險，各方達成的擔保或其他類似安排可以替代保險費。
（3）本法的各項規定，在可由各方協議修改的范圍內，在適用于相互保險時，可由保賠協會簽發的保險單的條件或協會的規則和章程加以修改。
（4）除本條所提及的例外，本法的各項規定適用于相互保險。
補充條款（Supplemental）
第86條 被保險人的認可（Ratification by assured）
86.Where a contract of marine insurance is in good faith effected by on
e person on behalf of another, the person on whose behalf it is effected may
rarity the contract even after he is aware of a loss.
86．若某人代表他人善意簽定海上保險合同，即使在該被代表訂立合同之人知曉損失之后，仍可以追認該合同。
第87條 由協議或習慣改變的默示義務（Implied obligations varied by
agreement or usage）
(1) Where any right, duty, or liability would arise under a contract of
marine insurance by implication of law, it may be negatived or varied by
express agreement, or by usage, if the usage by such as to bind both parties
to the contract.
(2) The provisions of this section extend to any right, duty, or
liability declared by this Act which may be lawfully modified by agreement.
87．（1）海上保險合同因法律的默示而產生的權利、義務或責任，均可通過雙方明文協議或依據雙方都能接受并受其約束的習慣否定或修改之。
（2）本條各項規定，可以擴大到本法規定的經協議合法修改的任何權利、義務或責任。
第88條 合理的時間等屬于事實問題（Reasonable time, etc., a question of
fact）
88.Where by this Act any reference is made to reasonable time,
reasonable premium, or reasonable diligence, the question what is reasonable
is a question of fact.
88．在本法提及的任何有關合理時間，合理保險費，或合理謹慎之場合，何謂合理屬于事實問題。
第89條 承保條作為證據（Slip as evidence）
89.Where there is a duly stamped policy, reference may be made, as
heretofore, to the slip or covering note, in any legal proceeding.
89．在保險單有義務貼足印花之情況下，滿足印花要求的承保條或承保通知書在法律訴訟中均得作為證據。
第90條 術語解釋（Interpretation of terms）
90.In this Act, unless the context or subject-matter otherwise
requires,-
“Action” includes counterclaim and set-off;
“Freight” includes the profit derivable by a shipowner from the
employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well as
freight payable by a third party, but does not include passage money;
“Movables” means any movable tangible property, other than the ship,
and includes money, valuable securities, and other documents;
“Policy” means a marine Policy.
90．在本法中除非上下文或所述問題另有要求，
“訴訟”包括反訴和抵銷
“運費”包括船東使用自已的船舶運送自已的貨物或動產獲取的利潤，以及由第三者支付的運費，但不包括客票價款。
“動產”指除船舶之外的任何可移動的有形財產，包括貨幣、有價證券及其他單證。
“保險單”指海上保險單。
第91條 保留 （Savings）
91.(1) Nothing in this Act, or in any repeal effected thereby, shall
affect-
(a) The provisions of the Stamp Act, 1891, or any enactment for the time
being in force relation to the revenue;
(b) The provisions of the Companies Act, 1862, or any enactment amending
or substituted for the same;
(c) The provisions of any statute not expressly repealed by this Act.
(2) The rules of the common law including the law merchant, save in so
far as they are inconsistent with the express provisions of this Act, shall
continue to apply to contracts of marine insurance.
91．（1）本法或任何已廢除的條文不影響：
(a) 1891年《印花稅法》或任何有關稅收的現行法規；
(b) 1862年《公司法》或任何對其修訂或替代的法規；
(c) 本法未明文廢除的任何法規條文。
(2) 普通法包括商法除非與本法明文規定相悖，得繼續適用于海上保險合同。
第92條 廢止（Repeals）
92.The enactment mentioned in the Second Schedule of this Act are hereby
repealed to the extent specified in that schedule.
92．本法附件2列舉的各項法律規定，按該附件所確定的范圍予以廢除。
第93條 生效（Commencement）
93.This Act shall come into operation on the first day of January one
thousand nine hundred and seven.
93．本法自1907年1月1日起生效。
第94條 簡稱（Short title）
94.This Act may be cited as the Marine Insurance Act, 1906.
94．本法得引述為1906年《海上保險法》。
附件1
Rules for Construction of Policy
保險單解釋規則
The following are the rules referred to by this Act for the construction
of a policy in the above or other like form, where the context does not
otherwise require:
下列各條是本法的條文未另行涉及的關于上述或其他其他類似格式保險單的解釋規則：
Lost or not lost
1. Where the subject-matter is insured “lost or not lost”, and the
loss has occurred before the contract is concluded, the risk attaches
unless, at such time the assured was aware of the loss, and the insurer was
not.
第1條
在標的按“無論損失與否”條件投保，且在訂立合同之前已發生損失之場合，除非被保險人在當時已知曉該損失，而保險人不知情，保險合同仍然有效。
Form
2. Where the subject-matter is insured “from” a particular place, the
risk does not attach until the ship starts on the voyage insured.
第2條
在標的按“從”某一特定地點投保之情況下，在船舶從保險航程啟航之時，保險方始生效。
At and from
3.(a) Where a ship is insured “ at and from” a particular place, and
she is at that place in goods safety when the contract is concluded, the
risk attaches immediately.
(b) If she be not at that place when the contract is concluded the risk
attaches as soon as she arrives there in goods safety, and, unless the
policy otherwise provides, it is immaterial that she is covered by another
policy for a specified time after arrival.
(c) Where chartered freight is insured “ at and from” a particular
place, and the ship is at that place in good safety when the contract is
concluded the risk attaches immediately. If she be not there when the
contract is concluded, the risk attaches as soon as she arrives there in
goods safety.
(d) Where freight, other than chartered freight, is payable without
special conditions and is insured “at and from” a particular place, the
risk attaches pro rata as the goods or merchandise are shipped; provided
that if there be cargo in readiness which belongs to the shipowner, or which
some other person has contracted with him to ship, the risk attaches as soon
as the ship is ready to receive such cargo.
第3條 (a)
在船舶按“在和從”某一特定地點投保，且當合同訂立時船舶已安全停泊于該地之情況下，保險立即生效。
(b)
如果當合同訂立時船舶不在該地，一矣船舶安全抵達該地，本保險即刻生效。除非保險單另有規定，船舶抵達后對某一特定期間由另一保險單承保無關緊要。
(c)
在租船貨運按“在和從”某一特定地點承保，且當合同訂立時船舶已安全停泊于該地之場合，保險立即生效；如果合同訂立時船舶不在該地，一旦船舶安全抵達該地，本保險即刻生效。
(d)
在除了租船貨運以外的其他船舶無任何特殊支付條件按“在和從”某一特定地點承保之情況下，保險得按裝運的貨物或商品的比例生效；假如屬船東所有的貨物，或其他人已與船東締約運載該貨物已備妥，則一矣船舶作好裝貨準備，本保險即生效。
From the loading thereof
4. Where goods or other movables are insured “ from the loading
thereof”, the risk does not attach until such goods or movables are
actually on board, and the insurer is not liable for them while in transit
from the shore to the ship.
第4條
在貨物或其他動產按“從裝船起”承保之場合，在此種貨物或動產實際裝船以前保險并不生效；保險人對其從岸上運至船舶期間不承擔保險責任。
Safely landed
5.Where the risk on goods or other movables continues until they are
“safely landed”, they must be landed in the customary manner and within a
reasonable time after arrival at the port of discharge, and if they are not
so landed the risk ceases.
第5條
在貨物或其他動產的風險繼續至“安全地卸下”為止之情況下，標的必須按習慣方式并在抵達卸貨港的合理時間內卸載，否則本保險即行終止。
Touch and stay
6. In the absence of any further licence or usage, the liberty to touch
and stay “at any port or place whatsoever” dose not authorize the ship to
depart from the course of her voyage from the port of departure to the port
of destination.
第6條
若無任何進一步授權或習慣，有關停靠和停留于“任何港口或地點”的自由，并不授權船舶背離自啟航港至目的港的航線。
7 .The term ‘perils of the seas’ refers only to fortuitous accident or
casualties of the seas. It does not include the ordinary action of the wind
and waves.
第7條 “海上危險”術語僅涉及海上意外事故或災難。它不包括風浪的通常作用。
8. The term “Pirates” includes passengers who mutiny and rioters who
attack the ship from the shore.
第8條 “海盜”術語包括叛亂的乘客和自岸上攻擊船舶的暴徒。
Thieves
9.The term “thieves” does not cover clandestine theft or a theft
committed by any one of the ship’s company, whether crew or passengers.
第9條
“盜竊”術語不包括秘密偷竊或來自船舶內部人員無論是船員或者乘客的偷竊。
Restraint of princes
10.The term “arrest, restraint of kings, princes, and people” refers
to political or executive acts, and does not include a loss caused by riot
or by ordinary judicial process.
第10條
“國王、君主和人民的扣押、管制等”術語是指政治的或行政的行為，不包括暴亂或普通司法程序所造成的損失。
Barratry
11. The term “barratry” includes every wrongful act willfully
committed by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner, or, as the
case may be, the charterer.
第11條
“欺詐惡行”術語指船長或船員的各種損害船東或租船人利益的故意不法行為。
All other perils
12. The term “all other perils” includes only perils similar in kind
to the perils specifically mentioned in the policy.
第12條 “所有其他危險”術語僅包括與本保險列舉的特定危險相類似的危險。
Average unless general
13.The term “average unless general” means a partial loss of the
subject-matter insured other than a general average loss, and does not
include. “ particular charges.”
第13條
“海損險非共同海損”指除了共同海損以外的保險標的的部分損失，其不包括“特殊費用”。
Stranded
14. Where the ship has stranded the insurer is liable for the excepted
losses, although the loss is not attributable to the stranding, provided
that when the stranding takes place the risk has attached, and, if the
policy be on goods, that the damaged goods are on board.
第14條
在船舶擱淺之場合，保險人應對例外損失負賠償之責，盡管該損失并不能歸因于該擱淺，假如當擱淺發生時保險已生效，且若是貨物保險單，該損失的貨物已裝上船。
Ship
15. The term “ship” includes the hull, materials and outfit, stores
and provisions for the officers and crew, and, in the case of vessels
engaged in a special trade, the ordinary fittings requisite for the trade,
and also, in the case of a steamship, the machinery, boilers, and coals and
engine stores, if owned by the assured.
第15條
“船舶”術語包括船殼、材料和設備、高級船員和船員的給養，且若船舶受雇于特別運輸，包括該特別運輸所需的通常要求的裝置，如果是汽船，包括屬于船東所有的機器、鍋爐、及煤和機艙貯備。
Freight
16. The term “freight” includes the profit derivable by a shipowner
from the employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well
as freight payable by a third party, but does not include passage money.
第16條
“運費”術語包括船東使用其船舶運載自已的貨物或動產獲得的利潤，及由第三者支付的運費，但不包括乘客票款。
Goods
17.The term “goods” means goods in the nature of merchandise, and does
not include personal effects or provisions and stores for use on board.
In the absence of any usage to the contrary, deck cargo and living
animals must be insured specifically, and not under the general denomination
of goods.
第17條
“貨物”術語是指具有商品性質的貨品，不包括個人財物或船上供應品和儲備品。
若無任何相反的習慣，甲板貨和活牲畜必須特別投保，而不能按貨物一般分類投保。
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